{"id":167794,"date":"2025-07-07T05:00:01","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T09:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/?p=167794"},"modified":"2025-07-01T19:25:30","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T23:25:30","slug":"protect-crops-from-heat-stress","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/2025\/07\/protect-crops-from-heat-stress\/","title":{"rendered":"Protecting Crops from Heat Stress: 5 Pro Strategies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Careful timing ensures crops can handle a little heat. But recently, <strong>sudden heat waves<\/strong> and long-lasting ones in already warm regions have become more common, with predictions saying there\u2019s more to come. For some crops, these shifts cross the line between stress and a fraction of normal yields.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is why<strong> adapting to the climate<\/strong> and employing heat protection strategies is crucial\u00a0for farmers today. In most cases, all this takes is a little adjustment and more awareness about when the heat will arrive. How long it will stay is another worthy consideration.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By employing a few useful techniques and tools, farms make their usual revenue possible even in extremes. These methods also <strong>bolster other crops from heat stress<\/strong> if things get even hotter out there. Put these strategies in your back pocket in case a heat dome looms.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What Does Heat Stress Look Like?<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_167797\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-167797\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-dominant-color=\"6d8b4e\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #6d8b4e;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-167797 size-full not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pumpkin-leaves-wilted-and-fallen.webp\" alt=\"Large pumpkin plants with large, round, green leaves are wilting and drooping due to heat stress.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pumpkin-leaves-wilted-and-fallen.webp 1280w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pumpkin-leaves-wilted-and-fallen-560x315.webp 560w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pumpkin-leaves-wilted-and-fallen-1200x675.webp 1200w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pumpkin-leaves-wilted-and-fallen-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-167797\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Leaves droop midday as plants try to dodge the harsh sun.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plants express heat stress in numerous ways. Some <strong>wilt in the middle of the day<\/strong>, turning their leaves downward to prevent sunlight from scorching their surfaces. Flowering and fruiting crops may drop flowers or fail to set fruit. In extreme cases, scarring and defoliation occur.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you notice a plant wilting just as the sun rises, you are getting closer to what is known as the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/permanent-wilting-point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">permanent wilting point<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which is when plants can only <strong>absorb 35%<\/strong> of the soil\u2019s capacity to hold water. Therefore, it\u2019s important to formulate your soil appropriately so it can hold enough moisture to allow your plants to take it in at a sufficient rate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The result of continued permanent wilting is <strong>plant death<\/strong>. There are ways to avoid this, and not all of them require installing a completely new irrigation system on your farm. Many require small adjustments, with careful planning.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strategies For Protection<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the minute to the more intensive, dealing with heat stress via new routines and techniques <strong>builds heat-resilience quickly and easily<\/strong>. Think about which of these is most relevant to your farm and your practices. Then, plan how to implement them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mulch<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_167798\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-167798\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-dominant-color=\"b08e54\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #b08e54;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-167798 size-full not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Rows-of-young-vegetable-seedlings.webp\" alt=\"Rows of young lettuce seedlings with corrugated green foliage forming rosettes close to straw-mulched soil in a large field.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Rows-of-young-vegetable-seedlings.webp 1280w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Rows-of-young-vegetable-seedlings-560x315.webp 560w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Rows-of-young-vegetable-seedlings-1200x675.webp 1200w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Rows-of-young-vegetable-seedlings-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-167798\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Too much mulch can compact the soil and block water from soaking in.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adding a layer of mulch is a great tool for <strong>both heat and cold resistance<\/strong>. This layer protects the soil surface and aids in temperature regulation below. All of this funnels directly into reduced evaporation at upper soil levels, which preserves precious topsoil and reduces soil erosion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An organic mulch provides the benefit of<strong> added nutrients to the soil<\/strong> as it breaks down. Wait until your crops are mature enough for transplant, and surround them with one to three inches of mulch, keeping it away from the plant\u2019s base. Don\u2019t add too much, which may result in <a href=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/2025\/03\/spring-soil-compaction\/\">compacted soil<\/a> and prevent water penetration. In areas where soil compaction is an issue, a thinner layer is better.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intensive Plantings<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_167799\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-167799\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-dominant-color=\"71822b\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #71822b;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-167799 size-full not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Beautiful-colorful-vegetable-garden-with-flowers.webp\" alt=\"The lush, densely planted vegetable and flower garden includes rows of carrots, dill, marigolds, cosmos, climbers and more.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Beautiful-colorful-vegetable-garden-with-flowers.webp 1280w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Beautiful-colorful-vegetable-garden-with-flowers-560x315.webp 560w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Beautiful-colorful-vegetable-garden-with-flowers-1200x675.webp 1200w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Beautiful-colorful-vegetable-garden-with-flowers-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-167799\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plants packed tightly together help each other through warm sunny days.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In nature, outside the cultivated center of the farm, <strong>plants grow closely together<\/strong>. The prairie is an excellent example of how dense plantings create insulation against heat stressors. As more tender plants grow closer to the surface, they are protected and bolstered by taller ones, which provide a shade canopy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the farm, we might not want to have as dense a planting as we would in wild spaces due to increased <a href=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/2025\/06\/integrated-pest-management-farm\/\">incidences of pests<\/a> and diseases. But we do want to <strong>include more intensive plantings<\/strong> than our seed packets instruct to cover the soil and protect it from sun erosion.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is where <strong>companion planting<\/strong> comes in. If we\u2019re growing a tall plant with shallow roots, including a low- growing plant as a living mulch is a way to <strong>protect both plants and the soil from heat exposure<\/strong>. Increasing our frequency of a single planting and condensing our spacing acts similarly, if not quite as efficiently.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adjust Irrigation Techniques<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019ve been hand watering on the farm, it might be time to switch things up. While this is a completely viable and acceptable way to grow plants, trying new ways of watering in more experimental plots is a good idea. If you don\u2019t have the space to experiment,<strong> try out these methods in temperate seasons<\/strong> when stressors aren\u2019t present to see what works for you.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furrow Irrigation<\/span><\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_167800\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-167800\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-dominant-color=\"494f33\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #494f33;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-167800 size-full not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Furrow-Irrigation-garden.webp\" alt=\"Potato plantation growing in rows with water flowing through canals between them showing a furrow irrigation system.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Furrow-Irrigation-garden.webp 1280w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Furrow-Irrigation-garden-560x315.webp 560w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Furrow-Irrigation-garden-1200x675.webp 1200w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Furrow-Irrigation-garden-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-167800\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Filling furrows carefully helps water reach every thirsty root.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While not the most efficient irrigation method, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/special-topics\/water-science-school\/science\/irrigation-methods-furrow-or-flood-irrigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">furrow watering<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is an ancient and reliable way to water. Today, over 23,000 acres of American farmland is irrigated this way. The technique simply involves <strong>flooding small trenches<\/strong> that run along rows of crops with water. It\u2019s a cheap and easy-to-execute way to improve the irrigation process.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are things to consider when you use this method. Firstly, trenches shouldn\u2019t exceed .5% grading to <strong>limit soil erosion<\/strong>. Gentle slopes are usually enough, which is part of what makes this an easy way to water your crops. Sandy soils benefit from deeper furrows, while clay soils do best with shallower ones.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When it comes to the actual act of irrigating, you can get as technical as you want. It could be as simple as filling the furrow at one end with a hose or using a gated pipe to <strong>quickly flood the furrow<\/strong>. The water pressure is important, though, as furrows retain water best at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gfipps.tamu.edu\/files\/2023\/09\/surge-flow-irrigation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15 to 25 gallons per minute<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Furrows should be fairly long, at about 100 to 600 feet. Like depths, shorter furrows are better for clay soils, and longer ones suit sandy soils.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drip Irrigation<\/span><\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_167801\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-167801\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-dominant-color=\"717e69\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #717e69;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-167801 size-full not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Drip-irrigation.webp\" alt=\"Drip irrigation system in the form of black hoses stretched along rows of growing young pepper plants with green foliage and vertical stems, in a vegetable garden.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Drip-irrigation.webp 1280w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Drip-irrigation-560x315.webp 560w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Drip-irrigation-1200x675.webp 1200w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Drip-irrigation-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-167801\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A slow, steady water supply keeps the right amount of moisture in.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A properly installed and managed drip irrigation system is a more efficient and hassle-free way to water crops. Because there\u2019s <strong>no splashing from the soil surface<\/strong>, diseases are less likely when crops are drip irrigated. And timers make the process of watering much easier.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drip irrigation kits are easy to find at major garden and farm outlets, with setup ranging from very easy to more technical. Drip tape attached to a main hard line is one of the easiest ways to include it. There are more complicated <strong>PVC systems<\/strong> that use flow regulators and pressure valves to channel water on more difficult terrain as well.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This type of irrigation can save up to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.umass.edu\/agriculture-food-environment\/vegetable\/fact-sheets\/irrigation-drip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">80% of the water<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> used in other irrigation systems. All that is required is the initial investment, the setup, and continued maintenance. Include a timer, and your farm is <strong>semi-automated<\/strong>, with just a check here and there needed to keep things in good shape.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shade Canopy<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_167802\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-167802\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-dominant-color=\"86a35f\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #86a35f;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-167802 size-full not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Shade-net-for-tomatoes.webp\" alt=\"A vegetable garden with beds of cucumbers, carrots, corn and tomatoes growing under a hanging shade net for protection from the heat.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Shade-net-for-tomatoes.webp 1280w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Shade-net-for-tomatoes-560x315.webp 560w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Shade-net-for-tomatoes-1200x675.webp 1200w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Shade-net-for-tomatoes-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-167802\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Letting some sunlight in keeps plants happy under shade cloth.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even heat-tolerant crops take a beating in a sudden heat dome. A mechanical strategy, like a <strong>shade canopy,<\/strong> is a great option for summer crops, regardless of how sensitive they are. Find a freestanding canopy that allows a portion of the sunlight through. One that is transportable gives you a modular solution to the heat. Or drop a large shade cloth over your hoop house.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you don\u2019t want to foot the bill for a commercially-produced shade canopy, repurpose tarps and burlap. As long as you get <strong>at least 30% light penetration<\/strong>, but not more than 60%, you\u2019ll have the same production with the right shielding to help your plants through the hottest parts of the year.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plant Heat-Tolerant Varieties\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_167803\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-167803\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-dominant-color=\"879434\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #879434;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-167803 size-full not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Eggplants-growing-on-a-branch.webp\" alt=\"Shiny deep purple eggplants of varying sizes growing clustered on sturdy green branches surrounded by broad, slightly rough-textured leaves in a sunlit garden bed. \" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Eggplants-growing-on-a-branch.webp 1280w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Eggplants-growing-on-a-branch-560x315.webp 560w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Eggplants-growing-on-a-branch-1200x675.webp 1200w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Eggplants-growing-on-a-branch-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-167803\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Getting ahead with heat-friendly plants keeps the harvest coming strong.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This strategy takes the most planning, but it&#8217;s the best way to keep your farm going even when it\u2019s an inferno outdoors. Find varieties and plants that <strong>handle the heat with ease<\/strong>, and grow them. Check to see the predicted weather patterns for summer, and determine which of these works best for your climate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Get your seeds started at the right time, and combine the heat lovers with any of the strategies above, and you\u2019re producing even though it seems like nothing should be happening at all out there. It is becoming more and more imperative to familiarize yourself with heat and <a href=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/2025\/05\/climate-resilient-crops\/\">drought-tolerant plants<\/a>. Have a look through your <strong>seed catalog<\/strong> this fall to get a head start.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mfo-wysiwyg-custom-cta swapping-seasons-casting-shade-how-farmers-are-growing-food-in-the-fearsome-phoenix-heat\">\n<div class=\"mfo-wysiwyg-custom-cta-flex\">\n<p><a class=\"full\" title=\"Swapping Seasons, Casting Shade: How Farmers Are Growing Food in the Fearsome Phoenix Heat\" href=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/2024\/02\/how-farmers-are-growing-phoenix-heat\/\">full_link<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<p class=\"title mfo-wysiwyg-custom-cta-title h1\">Swapping Seasons, Casting Shade: How Farmers Are Growing Food in the Fearsome Phoenix Heat<\/p>\n<div class=\"description\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #122108; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #fdfff7;\">Food farmers are making it work in sweltering Arizona, offering lessons for farmers in other regions where summer temperatures are rising.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"svg mfo-wysiwyg-custom-cta-svg\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Heat is an inevitable and increasing concern for farms across the world. The best way to deal with the stresses of hot weather is to adapt and find solutions you can use, year after year. Use these 5 strategies to keep your yields high and stave off the heat. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2074,"featured_media":167804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":[],"meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33068],"tags":[],"article-theme":[],"class_list":["post-167794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Protecting Crops from Heat Stress: 5 Pro Strategies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover how to protect crops from heat stress with these pro strategies!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/2025\/07\/protect-crops-from-heat-stress\/\" 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