{"id":165853,"date":"2024-10-14T11:01:14","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T15:01:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/?p=165853"},"modified":"2024-10-14T13:07:02","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T17:07:02","slug":"eastern-north-carolina-community-science-air-quality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/2024\/10\/eastern-north-carolina-community-science-air-quality\/","title":{"rendered":"In Eastern North Carolina, Community Science Aims to Fill an Air Quality Gap"},"content":{"rendered":"

Last January, Daisha Wall and CleanAIRE NC held a community meeting with residents in Sampson County, North Carolina. The meeting was to explain a new initiative where residents can deploy air sensors to collect data on the air quality.<\/span><\/p>\n

Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) of swine impact the air in Sampson County. Not only is the smell overwhelming, but the odor is an indicator of what these facilities are emitting\u2014dangerous substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. CAFOs are densely populated in communities of color in eastern North Carolina, and the pollution and impact of them has been on the books for decades. The issue, and the environmental justice advocates in the community who have spoken out against it, are well documented in the film \u201c<\/span>The Smell of Money<\/span><\/a>.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The EPA has air sensors deployed around the country to monitor air quality. When there\u2019s documented pollution, it can enable the government to hold polluters accountable. But rural areas can get overlooked when it comes to air quality measurements\u2014in Sampson County there is a gap in data collection. One of the aims of this project is to make the case for a federal air monitor in the county.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOne of the end goals is to advocate for a federal air monitor within the county,\u201d says Wall, Community Science Manager for CleanAIRE NC. \u201cAnd that’s actually something that we’ve been able to do in the past.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Daisha
Daisha Wall presents to community members in Sampson County. Photo by Jim Wang<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

CAFOs and Air Pollution<\/h2>\n

On a broad scale, very large-scale industrial livestock operations (with tens of thousands of animals) have been getting away with air pollution for a long time.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThese facilities have not been required to report their air emissions for almost two decades,\u201d says Carrie Apfel, deputy managing attorney for the Sustainable Food & Farming Program at Earthjustice.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This exemption to the Clean Air Act can be traced back to a consent agreement made between the EPA and thousands of hog CAFOs in the early aughts. The EPA decided it needed to establish reporting methodologies for CAFOs in order to enforce emissions regulations\u2014and so it traded legal immunity to some of the country\u2019s biggest producers in exchange for a few years of data collection. Those few years came and went, producing very little useful data. Two decades later, CAFOs still get a free pass to pollute the air.<\/span><\/p>\n

Meanwhile, a study from 2021 reports that agriculture leads to <\/span>17,900 air quality-related deaths<\/span><\/a> every year in the US. This has been an urgent environmental justice issue for decades now, but the EPA is no closer to regulating air emissions from CAFOs.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

full_link<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

learn more<\/p>\n

\n

Watch “The Smell of Money”<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Organizations such as Earthjustice have been working to hold the government accountable. It sued the EPA, challenging the reporting exemption for CAFOs under EPCRA as unlawful. This is one of the few statutes that would give the public the right to this reported information. Part of the resistance, says Apfel, has come from the idea that this will burden small farmers with having to figure out their emissions impact. But it won\u2019t \u2014this law would only affect the largest of operations, a small percentage overall.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThere’s a lot of mythology out there about where our food comes from and what these CAFOs are and are not, and I think that Big Ag does everything it can to keep it that way,\u201d says Apfel. \u201cI think that a lot of this is a narrative battle just trying to explain that these are not farms\u2026They’re factories, and they don’t resemble anything like farms.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

While big wheels turn, Sampson County is taking action.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Community-driven data collection<\/h2>\n

CleanAire NC has seen success with its air quality work before, in Charlotte, NC.<\/span><\/p>\n

Charlotte\u2019s Historic West End endured redlining\u2014the practice of banks refusing loans to communities of color. This contributed to multiple polluting industries moving into the area and impacting air quality. Residents wanted to know to what extent. So, community members approached CleanAIRE NC.<\/span><\/p>\n

Residents and ClearnAIRE NC partnered to install PurpleAir sensors at peoples\u2019 homes. The air sensors automatically track and record air quality, mainly through measuring particulate matter in the air. You can see the dashboard of operating air sensors <\/span>here<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

But measuring particulate matter presents a limited picture, and that\u2019s where volunteer airkeepers come in. When levels get high, they can record their observations of what they see and smell and they can take pictures and videos. This will help the data set reflect the differences between highway emissions, CAFO pollution, rock dust from a quarry, and more.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"People
Community members give feedback to CleanAIRE NC. Photo by Jim Wang<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cParticulate matter is so variable, and so it’s hard to pinpoint what might be going on at a specific time,\u201d says Wall.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Thanks to the data collected by these air sensors, Mecklenburg County Air Quality installed an air sensor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Community leaders and CleanAIRE NC have partnered on other efforts to create a green district in the Historic West End, such as planting trees, installing electric vehicle chargers, and supporting green infrastructure.<\/span><\/p>\n

Now, 30 sensors have been deployed in Sampson County. Just as the work in Charlotte\u2019s Historic West End has been driven by community questions, input, and resources so, too, will be the work in Sampson County.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThat’s a way that we’re trying to fill the gap between these researchers that are coming in to be a part of our project, and maintaining our values on engaging communities,\u201d says Wall.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Last January, Daisha Wall and CleanAIRE NC held a community meeting with residents in Sampson County, North Carolina. The meeting was to explain a new initiative where residents can deploy air sensors to collect data on the air quality. Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) of swine impact the air in Sampson County. Not only is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1947,"featured_media":165856,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":[33278],"meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33067],"tags":[33071,33096,33288,33303],"article-theme":[33292],"class_list":["post-165853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-farm","tag-animals","tag-health","tag-meat-dairy","tag-waste","format-article","article-theme-solutions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIn Eastern North Carolina, Community Science Aims to Fill an Air Quality Gap - Modern Farmer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Last January, Daisha Wall and CleanAIRE NC held a community meeting with residents in Sampson County, North Carolina. 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