{"id":152073,"date":"2024-03-06T11:59:36","date_gmt":"2024-03-06T16:59:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/?p=152073"},"modified":"2024-08-30T00:45:36","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T04:45:36","slug":"foods-big-plastic-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/2024\/03\/foods-big-plastic-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"Digging In: Food\u2019s Big, Plastic Problem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cDoes anyone realize we\u2019re headed toward plastic armageddon?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That\u2019s how Bradley Aiken of Portland, OR began his response to our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/2023\/08\/dig-in-modern-farmer-investigates\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">call for reader questions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> about where their food comes from. \u201cMy weekly visits to the local farmers\u2019 markets still find an overabundance and reliance on plastic pint containers of berries, single-use plastic bags,and straws! I thought we were done with straws, really?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bradley\u2019s lament probably feels familiar to most sustainability-minded consumers. Plastic is truly everywhere. Over just a few decades, it\u2019s become an inescapable part of modern life, permeating nearly every aspect of our lives, from the food we eat (usually wrapped and bagged in plastic and often <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bonappetit.com\/story\/microplastics-food#:~:text=How%20much%20plastic%20are%20we,annually%20from%20various%20food%20sources.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">containing it<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) to the clothes we wear (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/story\/fashions-tiny-hidden-secret\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60 percent<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of which are made from plastic) to the microplastics hiding just about everywhere, from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhm.ac.uk\/discover\/news\/2023\/november\/microplastics-carried-clouds-could-affecting-weather.html#:~:text=Recent%20research%20high%20in%20the,ability%20to%20encourage%20cloud%20formation.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clouds<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2020\/dec\/22\/microplastics-revealed-in-placentas-unborn-babies\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">human placentas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the Earth\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2022-05-microplastics-air-polluting-remote-earth.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">most remote corners<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cPlastic packaging is definitely a major source of plastic pollution, and it can seem totally overwhelming to folks when they go out to get food, especially since the great majority of our food is wrapped in plastic,\u201d says Erica Cirino, communications manager for the advocacy group <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plasticpollutioncoalition.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plastic Pollution Coalition<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">author of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/islandpress.org\/books\/thicker-water\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thicker Than Water: The Quest for Solutions to the Plastic Crisis<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u201cIt\u2019s estimated that more than 40 percent of all plastic produced is single-use plastic packaging, which is an astounding amount.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Hey plastic, don\u2019t touch my cheese<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before the advent of plastic packaging, food <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ohioline.osu.edu\/factsheet\/cdfs-133\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was packed in a variety of materials<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, from natural substances such as gourds and leaves to, most recently, glass bottles and jars, metal cans and tins and paper products. Today, plastic encases a large and growing percentage of our food: A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/environmentaldefence.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Left-Holding-the-Bag-A-Survey-of-Plastic-Packaging-In-Canadas-Grocery-Stores-1.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recent survey<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of Canadian grocery stores found that 71 percent of all produce was packaged in plastic and that baby food had the highest share of plastic packaging, at 76 percent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are a few reasons why so much of our food is packaged in plastic. Perhaps most importantly, it\u2019s cheaper to manufacture and transport than alternatives. And as the world grapples with an urgent energy transition, fossil fuel companies jittery about the prospect of decreasing demand for oil are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2022\/01\/29\/how-the-fossil-fuel-industry-is-pushing-plastics-on-the-world-.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">looking to plastics<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as their next major profit driver\u2014and are on track to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/environment\/global-plastic-waste-set-to-almost-triple-by-2060.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">triple global plastic production by 2060<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/global-plastics-production\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plastic also gives the impression of cleanliness and sterility, and it has long been thought to extend the shelf life of food, a notion that industry groups tend to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanchemistry.com\/chemistry-in-america\/news-trends\/blog-post\/2018\/there-s-a-reason-we-use-plastics-to-package-food\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">emphasize<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but that recent studies <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/feb\/24\/plastic-packaging-increases-fresh-food-waste-study-finds\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have called into question<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u201cIt\u2019s a seemingly hygienic coating for foods to be mass produced, shipped around the world and then end up in the supermarket and eventually in your refrigerator,\u201d says Cirino. \u201cIt\u2019s just a very disconnected way of interacting with our foods.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Worse, she points out, are the health risks of widespread exposure to plastics. Made up of polymers and a dizzying array of chemical additives such as stabilizers, plasticizers, flame retardants and pigments, plastic\u2019s impacts on the human body represent an active area of research. It\u2019s known that many chemicals in plastics, including phthalates and bisphenols, can transfer and leach harmful chemicals that can cause an array of health issues, such as hormone disruption, cancer, diabetes and reproductive disorders. Less well understood are the effects of microplastics, which we can ingest through food and inhale at a rate of about 16 tiny pieces per hour, according to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/health-news\/articles\/2023-06-13\/microplastics-you-inhale-are-getting-lodged-in-airways#:~:text=People%20inhale%20about%2016.2%20bits,microplastics%20usually%20contain%20toxic%20chemicals.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">one study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIt\u2019s a shame that we\u2019re putting it around our food because we\u2019re exposing ourselves, almost inadvertently, to these toxins,\u201d says Cirino. \u201cAll these plastics have different chemical risks associated with them. None of them are good.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/2024\/03\/what-to-about-plastic-packaging\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"3badb6\" data-has-transparency=\"true\" style=\"--dominant-color: #3badb6;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-152086 size-medium has-transparency\" src=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Group-6-1-1-560x200.png\" alt=\"Find out how you can help reduce plastic waste. Read our guide. \" width=\"560\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Group-6-1-1-560x200.png 560w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Group-6-1-1-1200x428.png 1200w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Group-6-1-1-768x274.png 768w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Group-6-1-1-1920x685.png 1920w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Group-6-1-1.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b>Out of sight, out of mind\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How did we get here? Quite conveniently, as it turns out. Before the advent of plastics in the 20th century, people produced a fraction of the waste they do today; materials were usually repaired, reused or repurposed. It wasn\u2019t until the post-World War II boom that a culture of disposability began to take hold, as new plastics technology allowed cheap packaging to enter the mainstream, finding a market of consumers increasingly motivated by convenience.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It took some getting used to; historian Susan Strasser <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/jun\/21\/history-of-america-love-affair-with-plastic\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recalls<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> how, at first, many consumers washed and saved the tins from disposable TV dinners because they were so unaccustomed to throwing things away after a single use. And it was a transition explicitly driven by the industry. \u201cThe future of plastics is in the trash can,\u201d <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/maxliboiron.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/08\/liboiron-modern-waste-as-strategy-extracted.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">declared Lloyd Stouffer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, editor of Modern Packaging Inc., in 1956. By 1963, Stouffer was congratulating plastics industry representatives on their progress. \u201cYou are filling the trash cans, the rubbish dumps and the incinerators with literally billions of plastics bottles, plastics jugs, plastics tubes, blisters and skin packs, plastics bags and films and sheet packages\u2014and now, even plastics cans,\u201d he said. \u201cThe happy day has arrived when nobody any longer considers the plastics package too good to throw away.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_152068\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-152068\" style=\"width: 519px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-dominant-color=\"a9b0a5\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #a9b0a5;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-152068 size-medium not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/shutterstock_1055238923-519x346.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"519\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/shutterstock_1055238923-519x346.webp 519w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/shutterstock_1055238923-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/shutterstock_1055238923-jpg.webp 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-152068\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Shutterstock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the outset, industry groups pushed back against regulation and worked to redirect responsibility onto consumers, coining the term \u201clitterbugs\u201d and promoting recycling as the antidote to the rising tide of plastic waste.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a result, global plastic pollution, estimated at around <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/interactives\/beat-plastic-pollution\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">400 million tonnes per year<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, became everybody\u2019s problem but theirs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe whole idea of disposability is based on this idea that you can make something and not have to clear up after yourself,\u201d says Oliver Franklin-Wallis, an investigative journalist and author of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hachettebookgroup.com\/titles\/oliver-franklin-wallis\/wasteland\/9780306827112\/?lens=hachette-books\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wasteland: The Secret World of Waste and the Urgent Search for a Cleaner Future<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u201cYou go back to the very earliest days of the plastics industry and they have always treated waste as an externality. And when I say that, it means it&#8217;s a cost borne by other people \u2026 If you are a plastics company, we as the taxpayer, we as society, clean up for you, which means that you get privatized profits and socialized consequences.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The narrative that puts recycling forward as the solution is a comforting one for consumers. But the reality is much more <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/11\/29\/opinion\/recycling-plastic-paper-aluminum.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">complicated<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. For certain plastics, namely PET (as in beverage bottles) and HDPE (as in milk cartons), \u201cwe have relatively good end-of-life solutions,\u201d says Franklin-Wallis\u2014although \u201cthey&#8217;re not always done very effectively, particularly in the [United] States.\u201d But the plastic picture is brimming with films and wraps and other forms that aren\u2019t recyclable under current circumstances, and in general, much less plastic is recycled than any of us would like to believe. (In 2021, the US had a plastic recycling rate of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondplastics.org\/plastics-recycling-rates\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">less than six percent<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, according to one report.)<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_152080\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-152080\" style=\"width: 461px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-dominant-color=\"a79c88\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #a79c88;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-152080 size-medium not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_7419-copy-461x346.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"461\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_7419-copy-461x346.webp 461w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_7419-copy-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_7419-copy.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-152080\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Logan Harvey, senior general manager of Recology Sonoma Marin, gestures toward bales of plastic at a new recycling facility in Santa Rosa, CA. (Photo: Rose Garrett\/Modern Farmer)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One culprit is a confusing labeling system that makes consumers think that things are recyclable when they&#8217;re not, leading to optimistic but misguided \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenbiz.com\/article\/what-wishcycling-two-waste-experts-explain\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wishcycling<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d \u201cThe plastics industry has known for decades that [the labeling system] doesn&#8217;t work. It doesn&#8217;t help consumers. What it does is make consumers feel less guilty about buying things,\u201d says Franklin-Wallis. \u201cThere&#8217;s lots of evidence to show that if you tell people that something is recyclable, they&#8217;ll feel less guilty in buying it and therefore they&#8217;ll buy more of it.\u201d (Here\u2019s a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-12\/ES_ConsumerGuide_RecyclingCodes.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">handy guide to those labels<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; only numbers 1 and 2 are widely recyclable.)<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Less is more<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recycling correctly is one action consumers can take, but while it may feel good, it won\u2019t solve the essential problem of too much plastic material clogging waterways, accumulating in soil and threatening human health. \u201cPeople are recycling, and they are attempting to do what they were told was the right thing,\u201d says Cirino. But, she says, increasing awareness of the inadequacy of recycling has begun to change people\u2019s attitudes, leading them to seek out solutions such as reuse and refill.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reusable takeout container systems <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wastedive.com\/news\/reusable-takeout-plastic-dispatch-goods-deliver-zero\/622008\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have proliferated<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in recent years. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/plastic-free-future.org\/map\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some areas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have refill stores, where customers can bring their own bottles to stock up on bulk supplies such as dish soap and browse low-waste products such as metal straws and stainless steel bento boxes. But while consumer changes are an important part of the picture, individuals didn\u2019t start the problem, and they won\u2019t be able to fix it on their own. Effective regulation is key to stopping, as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modern Farmer<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reader Bradley put it, \u201cplastic armageddon.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWhen you talk to people in the plastics industry, they will act as if consumers want this stuff. But actually consumers are never really given a choice,\u201d says Franklin-Wallis. \u201cIf you give consumers the choice to choose more sustainable options, they almost always do that. They want to be able to recycle, they want [to] reuse, they don&#8217;t want to do things that are damaging for the planet. So, the challenge is forcing industry to [give people the option].\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examples of effective legislation include <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/allaboutberlin.com\/guides\/pfand-bottles\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bottle return schemes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in countries such as Norway and Germany, which have 95- to 99-percent recycling rates for plastic bottles, and \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.cleanhub.com\/extended-producer-responsibility-how-it-works-and-who-it-works-for\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">extended producer responsibility<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d (EPR) laws, which shift some of the burden onto manufacturers, incentivizing things such as reducing packaging or investing in plastic recovery projects. \u201cThe solutions are out there and they&#8217;re scaled right now,\u201d says Franklin-Wallis. \u201cQuite often, the issue is either apathy or corporate opposition, and we need to kind of bust through both of those things.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Throwaway culture is cheap, easy and convenient. Changing our consumer habits and challenging the interests of a powerful global industry is difficult. \u201cThere are no easy solutions,\u201d says Franklin-Wallis. \u201cThere are only choices.\u201d One choice that\u2019s worth making, however small the impact? Buy less stuff\u2014a lot less, if you\u2019re able\u2014and make do with what you already have.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/2024\/03\/what-to-about-plastic-packaging\/\">Click here to read our guide<\/a> on how you can help reduce plastic waste, from things to do at home to how to support community and policy-level solutions.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">***<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thanks to Bradley Aiken for submitting his question for our \u201cDigging In\u201d series. Got a question about where your food comes from? Let us know what you\u2019d like us to investigate next by filling out <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/forms.monday.com\/forms\/c294adb92fb546c1d7792f8655ae39eb?r=use1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">this form<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cDoes anyone realize we\u2019re headed toward plastic armageddon?\u201d That\u2019s how Bradley Aiken of Portland, OR began his response to our call for reader questions about where their food comes from. \u201cMy weekly visits to the local farmers\u2019 markets still find an overabundance and reliance on plastic pint containers of berries, single-use plastic bags,and straws! I [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1889,"featured_media":152088,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":[33275],"meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33293],"tags":[33085,33096,33303],"article-theme":[],"class_list":["post-152073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-consumption","tag-ecosystem","tag-health","tag-waste","format-explainer"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Digging In: Food\u2019s Big, Plastic Problem - Modern Farmer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cDoes anyone realize we\u2019re headed toward plastic armageddon?\u201d That\u2019s how Bradley Aiken of Portland, OR began his response to our call for reader questions\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/modernfarmer.com\/2024\/03\/foods-big-plastic-problem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Digging In: Food\u2019s Big, Plastic Problem - 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